• Histories

    Historical tales are also categorised as migung. They are narrated without ritual intent, usually by older men. These histories describe specific events. They have no fixed performance context, and are usually cited at gathering places for men, like the porch or around the hearth.

    Ritual texts

    The Apatani religion contains about 150 spirits (wi) that are impersonal and invisible. An Ayu is usually chanted by a nyibu to contact spirits during rituals. Ritual texts are chanted to ensure prosperity, heal illnesses or for protection. They are delivered in a special speech through which the nyibu (shaman/priest) communicates with the spirit world.

    Folktales

    These tales describe events related to deities, animal-humans, monsters, magic trees and mistreated heroines. They mostly focus on family drama. Although these stories are fictive, they are often rooted in historical or geographical facts or events. Every tale has multiple versions. These stories, categorised as Migung, can be told by anybody and are not part of a ritual.