


A Mughal-period bridge located about 3
kilometres west of the Delhi–Multan Road (Old Grand Trunk Road) on the Taraori
(Anjanthali Road), situated between the Sarai and the northern Kos Minar at
Taraori, Karnal district of Haryana. Probably constructed between 1600 and 1699
CE, the bridge is built of lakhori bricks, rubble masonry, and lime mortar, and
consists of five arches supported by robust piers; a temple on its eastern side
represents a later addition. The structure is unprotected and shows surface blackening,
vegetation growth, encroachments, and partial submergence in debris, though it
remains in active use with a modern roadway constructed above it.
A Mughal-period bridge located within OP
Jindal Park, northeast of the Sheikh Chilli Tomb at Thanesar, Kurukshetra,
Haryana. Constructed of lakhori bricks, rubble masonry, and lime mortar, the
bridge carries a roadway over four arches supported by piers with circular
cutwaters, spanning a narrow rivulet historically associated with the Saraswati
River. It is protected by the Archaeological Survey of India (Chandigarh
Circle), and has been restored and incorporated into the landscaped setting of
OP Jindal Park, with portions of its lower fabric now buried under accumulated
soil.
Sarai Doraha is a seventeenth-century Mughal caravansarai
or rest house located on the Ludhiana–Khanna Road in Ludhiana district of
Punjab, situated on a mound south of the Sirhind Canal. Known historically as
the Sarai of Itimad-ud-Daula, its construction is generally dated to the early
years of Jahangir’s reign (c. 1606–1611 CE). Built of lakhori bricks with red
sandstone and lime mortar, the sarai follows a square plan with corner bastions,
north–south aligned gateways, a hammam in the northeast corner, and a mosque
within the western part of the enclosure. The monument is protected by the Department
of Cultural Affairs, Archaeology and Museums, Punjab and survives in a
partially ruined state, with sections under repair and traces of its original
painted and glazed decoration still visible.
The Sarai at Fatehabad is a Mughal-period rest
house in Tarn Taran district of Punjab. According to contemporary travel
accounts, it was constructed in 1606 CE under the patronage of Jahangir. Built
of lakhori bricks with red sandstone, glazed tiles, and lime mortar, the sarai
originally comprised an east–west aligned enclosure with two monumental
double-storied gateways articulated with multi-foiled arches, bastions,
balconies, and upper chambers. The monument is protected by the Archaeological
Survey of India (Chandigarh Circle) and survives in a highly altered state,
with only the gateways and limited wall remains extant amid dense later
construction and adaptive reuse.
The Sarai Kosikalan is a Mughal-period sarai or
rest house located in the town of Kosikalan in Mathura district of Uttar
Pradesh. It stands to the west of the old Grand Trunk Road, just south of the
local police station. The sarai is likely the same place referred to as
“Cotki-sera” by the French traveller Jean-Baptiste Tavernier and was probably
built between 1615 and 1666 CE. Constructed using lakhori bricks, red
sandstone, and lime mortar, the sarai is square in plan with octagonal corner
towers and gateways on the east, west, and south sides. The monument is
protected by the Archaeological Survey of India (Agra Circle), but over time it
has been heavily altered. Modern buildings now surround the structure, and many
of the original rooms have been changed or reused as shops, making it difficult
to understand the sarai in its original form.
Sarai Nurdi is a small Mughal-period caravansarai
(rest house) located in the centre of Nurdi village, south of the Chabal–Attari
Road in Tarn Taran district of Punjab. According to historical accounts, the
sarai was constructed between 1606 and 1608 CE by Amir al-Din, son of Nur
al-Din Quli Isfahani, who served as kotwal of Lahore in the early seventeenth
century. Built of lakhori bricks with glazed tiles and lime mortar, the sarai
was modest in scale and architectural treatment, comprising a simple gateway,
enclosure walls, and a mosque with an undecorated facade. The monument is
unprotected and survives in a severely dilapidated condition, with only the
eastern gateway, parts of the mosque, and fragments of the enclosure walls
remaining.